This type of pool cleaner pumps water out of the pool via its skimmer or drains, uses it for locomotion and debris suction, then returns it after being filtered via pool return or outlet valves. There are three main types of automated or automatic swimming pool cleaners, classified by the drive mechanism and source of power used: a suction side cleaner, a pressure side cleaner, and an electric robotic cleaner. Independently from his American counterparts, Ferdinand Chauvier, a hydraulics engineer who emigrated to South Africa from the Belgian Congo, introduced the Kreepy Krauly in Springs, South Africa, in 1974. The design is used in the Polaris Pool Cleaner, a commonly used pool cleaner amongst modern pool owners. It was called the "Automatic Swimming Pool Cleaner" and it used three wheels to allow the machine "to travel underwater along a random path on the pool vessel surface for dislodging debris therefrom". The pressure-side cleaner was invented by Melvyn Lane Henkin in 1972. The first robotic pool cleaner that used electricity was invented by Robert B. Pansini it was the first truly automatic pool cleaner and was touted by Pansini as "effective to remove the scum, dirt and other accumulations from both the bottom and sidewalls of a pool to disperse foreign matter in the water for removal therefrom by a normal pump-filter system of the pool". Two years later, the "Automatic Swimming Pool Cleaner" was created by Andrew L. In 1953, another notable suction-side pool cleaner was created by Joseph Eistrup, who called his invention "Pool Cleaner". Everson of Chicago in 1937 and was named the "Swimming Pool Cleaner". The first suction-side pool cleaner was invented by Roy B. On November 26, 1912, he submitted a patent application to the United States Patent and Trademark Office entitled "Cleaning Apparatus For Swimming Pools And The Like", which was issued on March 25, 1913. The first swimming pool cleaner was invented in 1912 by Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania citizen John M. Please see the talk page for more information. This article or section appears to contradict itself. Many pool cleaner patents issued in the modern era refer to some of the cistern cleaners as predecessors of their invention. Over the next 20 years his invention was revised multiple times. It swept and scraped the bottom of a cistern or tank and, through a combination of suction and manipulation of the water pressure, was able to separate and remove sediment without removing the water. Pattison of New Orleans applied for a "Cistern and Tank Cleaner" and the first discovered patent was issued the following year. The United States Patent and Trademark Office refers to a cistern cleaner patent filed (though never issued) as early as 1798. Thermae were well-known for their elaborate cisterns and prevalent in the early United States. The forerunner of today's pool cleaners were cistern cleaners they were developed due to the need to clean pools and cisterns. Swimming pool cleaners evolved from the water filter and early cistern cleaners.
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